Printed Circuit Board
.This starts life as a sheet of copper, stuck to an insulating board
Areas of the copper are removed, usually by chemical etching, to leave a pattern of copper strips and pads which form the connecting paths (wires) for the circuit
Advantages
mechanically robust - a permanent circuit
allows 'mass production', when photographic techniques are used to mark out the areas of copper to remove
software packages are available to convert the circuit diagram into a PCB layout
usually produces the most compact arrangement for a given circuit
Disadvantages
considerable processing needed to convert the initial blank baseboard into the final design
health and safety precautions needed when soldering, and when using chemicals to etch the copper
most components cannot be re-used
overall, the most expensive way to produce a 'one-off' circuit
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